It's fair to say that Fleetwood Mac probably would never have achieved such
mega success had it not been for Lindsey Buckingham. Not to marginalize
guitarists Peter Green, Jeremy Spencer, or Bob Welch-all of whom contributed
immensely to making Fleetwood Mac one of the most progressive blues-rock-pop
bands of the 60's and early 70's-but it was Lindsey Buckingham's unique
guitarstyle and savvy arranging, producig,and songwriting skills that guided
the band to the top of the charts in the mid 1970s with Fleetwood Mac and
Rumours.
Born in Palo Alto,California, in 1949, Buckingham was inspired at an early age
by the sounds of Elvis Presley and other '50's-era rock-and-rollers. "I had a
brother who was seven years older, and when he started bringing those records
home, I got very interested in trying to lay the songs," explains Buckingham.
"I eventually got a 3/4-sized guitar, but I never took any lessons. I just
played to the records, and used a chord book to figure out how the songs went.
Listening to Scotty Moore eventally led me to Travis picking and other folk
styles, and it just went from there."
Buckingham's first group was the Fritz Rabyne Memorial Band, which he
co-founded with several friends-one of whom was singer Stevie Nicks. The group
plied to San Francisco scene for a few years (with Buckingham on bass), and
then broke up in 1971. Now a duo, Buckingham and Nicks relocated to Los
Angeles, landed a record deal, and released Buckingham Nicks in 1973. After
drummer/bandleader Mick Fleetwood heard the album, he invited them to join
Fleetwood Mac.
Buckingham, Nicks and keyboardist Christine McVie subsequently churned out a
string of hits that made fortunes for the band and its record label. Despite
their storied personal difficulties during the making of Rumours ,the band
stayed the course, releasing Tusk in 1979 and Mirage in 1982. However,
Buckingham was also pursuing a solo career-having released Law & Order i 1981
and Go Insane in 1984-and he left the group in 1987 after recording Tango in
The Night.
But even after the release of his third solo album, Out Of The Cradle in 1992,
it still wasn't over for Buckingham and Fleetwood Mac. In 1996, the band
reunited to tour and film The Dance -a live DVD that featured the classic
lineup performing its classic songs. Following the departure of Christine
McVie after The Dance tour, Buckingham went back to work on what was supposed
to be his fourth solo album. But that project would eventually turn into a new
Fleetwood Mac double album to be released early in 2003.
Or would it? At press time, Warner Brothers was still debating whether to
release a single or double CD set, and the album title and final song sequence
was undecided. So here is the story of a work still in progress-one with a
wealth of new songs by Buckingham and Nicks, and a huge dose of Buckingham's
wickedly expressive fingerstyle playing.
How did you solo album turn into a Fleetwood Mac production?
I started working on this record after coming off the road for a small tour in
support of Out Of The Cradle. One day I ran into Mick Fleetwood, who I hadn't
seen in quite a while, and we started talking about working together. At the
same time, Rob Cavallo - who was producing Green Day at the time-became
interested in working with me. So the three of us just started cutting tracks.
I took most of the songs back to my house to finish them, and while that was
happening-as has occurred a few times in the past-the gravity of Fleetwood Mac
just sucked me in.
At that time, there was a big push to do The Dance tour, so I put all my new
stuff on the shelf throughout 1996. After the tour, I went back in and
finished what was going to be my next solo album. This was about the time that
Warner Brothers was preparing to change a lot of staff, though, and I was a
little worried that my record would get buried. I felt strongly that it was
the best solo thing I had done, so I thought, "Well, I'll just wait." In the
meantime, Stevie was around, and the whole idea of getting her in the picture
came about. I wasn't sure that I was going to use my stuff for a Fleetwood Mac
album, but we just decided to start cutting some of Stevie's songs while I
waited for for the new regime at Warner to come in. From there, the whole
project morphed into as Fleetwood Mac thing.
But without Christine McVie.
Yeah. At the end of the 40 or so dates of The Dance tour, Christine announced
she didn't want to go out on the road anymore. I wasn't completely unhappy
with her decision because I had my solo stuff to get back to.
How did her absence affect the sessions for this new album?
The band had to explore new creative options because Christine wasn't there.
For example, we were forced to play differently because, suddenly, we were a
three piece. Her absence also forced Stevie and I to establish a different
dynamic with each other, and, ironically, it's a bit more like Buckingham
Nicks. But I think that working through Christine's departure is one of the
reasons this album sounds as fresh as it does.
Did it make a difference that your songs had been written specifically for
a solo album?
I don't know if the songs would have turned out any different had I known I
was going to use them for a Fleetwood Mac album-although the process in which
they were brought along would have changed. When you're working with a band, a
communal sensibility influences things, and the songs that make it are the
ones that everyone think are appropriate "band" songs. Obviously, that's not
the case if I'm going off in a more esoteric direction on my own.
Which process do you prefer?
Well, there's an analogy that working with a band is like making movies, and
working alone is like painting. I've spent many years alone in my garage
experiencing the contemplative aspects of songwriting, and I think that has
contributed positively to my ability to write songs and make records.
When you're writing a song, do you typically start with a guitar part?
Yes. I've always admired Stevie for her ability to have the vocal melody be
the center of the song. In theory, that's how it should be. But the guitar is
always the center of my songs, and writing is always a case of wondering,
"What do I put over that?"
The great thing about Stevie is that she really isn't a musician, so 95
percent of her psyche is driving the melody. As a guitarist, I often find
myself defining a guitar part before I even have a melody. There's nothing
wrong with that, but it can be more problematic when you're trying to develop
a song idea.
At one time, you and Stevie and Christine were masters of turning personal
difficulties into hit songs. Is the ability to reflect on what's happening
around you still a factor in your songwriting?
I don't really think of myself as a commentator of anything. I just try to
find a lyric that has some truth, grace, and mystery. Hopefully, it will
bridge the line between something personal and something that's about the
world in a broader sense.
On Rumours -which was probably the primary example of our lives laid bare-I
don't think we were aware of what we were doing. Our situation was unique
because two couples were breaking up while making a record, and the personal
difficulties were fuelling everything.
You were playing a Telecaster before you joined Fleetwood Mac, and then you
started using a Les Paul. Was there any reason for the switch?
The band wanted me to play a humbucker guitar because Mick tuned his drums
fairly low and Christine's keyboard sounds were kind of Wurlitzer-like and
Rhodes-y. All that lower midrange stuff tended to make the Telecaster sound
really scratchy and thin.
I did use the Telecaster onstage before Fleetwood Mac was released. Those
weren't big shows, but Mick was very adamant that we get out there and get
some chops as a band. So there was a certain amount of obscurity working in
our favour in terms of being able to play around and make some mistakes. I
guess using the Tele live was one of them.
Were there any other things you had to change to fit in with the band?
Yes-it was quite a lesson in adaptation. I did everything from switching my
guitar to become a less present as a player in order to do the right thing for
the band as a whole. They even tried to get me to use a pick!
What were you using for distortion when you first joined Fleetwood Mac?
It was a old Sony 2-track tape machine that I'd rigged up. The deck had input
and output gain controls, and you could overdrive one gain stage with the
other. It was solid-state sounding, but it worked.
I bought the deck when I first got interested in recording, and had read about
Les Paul doing his sound-on-sound thing. I cut my teeth on recording and
overdubbing with that machine. It eventually broke down, but the fuzz part
still worked, so I plugged into it for my lead tone.
You are the most noted use of the Turner Model I. How did you discover that
guitar?
Rick Turner had worked for Alembic for a long time, and the guitars they made
were the equivalent of the basses the John [McVie, Fleetwood Mac bassist]
still has. There were so much stuff on those instruments-parametric EQ and all
this other cleverness. Anyway, Rick would ask me to try these different
Alembic guitars, and they were always big and heavy with dense, exotic woods
and brass hardware. They felt very sterile to me, and I finally said to him,
"Why don't you make me something that's a cross between what you do and a Les
Paul."
One day, during the sessions for Tusk, Rick showed up with the Model I. It was
more about finding the ideal stage guitar, because as much as the Les Paul was
fitting the bill in a fairly good way, it wasn't giving my picking a fare
shake. The Turner sounded slightly ore percussive and articulate-somewhere
between a Les Paul and an acoustic guitar-and the tone worked better with my
fingerstyle playing. I even used to put a set of .012-.052 flatwounds on it,
but now I'm using a .010-.046 roundwound set.
I've noticed you sometimes rotate the pickup on your Turner so that the
bass side is closer to the bridge.
That's the sweet spot for me. It delivers a little more definition on the low
end-which helps me cut through the band-and having the treble side of the
pickup closer to the neck sweetens the top strings.
Do you still use single-coil guitars in the studio?
Yes. I use the Turner for lead playing and chunky rhythm parts in the studio,
but a Strat or a Tele works better when I'm trying to orchestrate guitar
parts, and I need something that's voiced more sublimely.
Who was your main lead guitar influence?
I can't say it was one person. I used to love Led Zeppelin, but I never sat
around trying to learn Jimmy Page licks. In terms of developing a sense of
melody, I was helped along by Dave Mason's Alone Together -a wonderful album
with a very pretty kind of lead-guitar style. But I never thought of myself as
someone who was going to go out there and burn it up. In fact, the lead stuff
came very late for me.
How has technology influenced the way you make records?
It hasn't. I still have a traditional console-it's not even computerized-and I
still record to tape. I would like to change the way I record, though, because
I now wish I had some of the editing capabilities that allow you to do things
quicker.
But you did use a Roland VG-8 to record much of the album. Were any
conventional amps used in the studio?
Well, you're right about that level of technology-we hardly used any
amplifiers. Although for "Gift Of Screws", we put a bunch of amps in different
rooms, and mixed and matched the sounds until we got what we wanted. The amps
included a Fender Bassman and a Vox AC30.
You get a very clearly defined sound on both your nylon- and steel-string
acoustics. Do you record them with a mic or a pickup, or both?
A lot of times, I'm running direct with a pickup-although I'll sometimes mic
the guitar to capture a little more air in the acoustic sound.
When you layer acoustic sounds, you often seem to include your Dobro.
Yeah, that same riff I've been playing for years! The Dobro is tuned to
dropped D. I probably got that from listening to Stephen Stills in the late
60's.
You flail the strings aggressively with your right hand, yet your sound is
very articulate and precise. Can you give us some insight into your technique?
Flailing-and bit of frailing-pretty much describes it. I don't think about it
much because I've never had any formal training. I never sat around and
practiced scales, and I never took any lessons. I'm still very limited in some
ways.
Is it that guitar playing comes so natural to you that you tend to focus
more on the songs and less on the instrument?
Even when I was eight years old, the most important thing was learning to play
and sing that Elvis tune. For me, it as always been about the music and the
songs, and how to make the big picture as interesting as possible.
The End.
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Tone Toys -
"We got a loud, clean stage sound, and we used tube amps and EV speakers,"
says Buckingham's long-time guitar tech, Ray Lindsey. "Lindsey's fingerstyle
playing creates huge dynamics and lots of lowend, and we want to be able to
keep the sound clean and tight so that when he goes for a solo, it really
stands out.
"The Boss OD-1 has always suited Lindsey for his distortion tone. It adds
sustain, but it still allows him to get a pretty clean lead sound. We also
split his guitar signal before the amp so that the front-of-house guy can add
some of the direct sound to the mix. This helps overcome the mushiness of the
room, and it also adds attack and definition to the guitar sound."
"Lindsey prefers a heavier, more industrial tone onstage, and for The Dance we
used Mesa/Boogie Dual rectifiers set up for the cleanest possible sound. They
did the job, but I still think we could take it a step further. We just wanted
a huge clean tone, but it's hard to find in the Dual Rectifier because there
are so many overdrives stages that you have to neutralize to get there. We
used custom cabinets, which were closed-back on the bottom and open-back on
top. I think that setup worked okay for The Dance video because of the smaller
stage, but when we got to the arenas it couldn't quite go to the next level."
"Lindsey used a Roland VG-8 extensively for the new album. I've experimented
with a few different modelling amps, and the VG-8 seems more true in its
sampled sounds. It also has less bells and whistles to deal with, and that
allows us to get to the music faster."-A.T.
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Although the song selection and running order of the new Fleetwood Mac album
was up in the air as we went to press, I was treated to a special preview of
the planned two CD release in the Warner Brothers offices last December. Later
on, Buckingham graciously detailed the 6-string highlights of some of his
favourite songs. We can only hope that the final version of the album lets you
hear these gems."-A.T.
I Am Waiting
"The straight sound is a Baby Taylor with gut strings," says Buckingham. "Then
I played the same part through a very ethereal patch on the Roland VG-8. I
like the idea of mixing different textures with a single guitar part."
Gift Of Screws
"I don't think I've ever done this on a record before, But I doubled my lead
part with my voice on this song-just like George Benson. It's an interesting
device, and I did a bit more of it on the song "Miranda".
Thrown Down
"It sounds like I used a high-strung guitar here, but I've also been known to
do an old Les Paul trick to re-voice my guitar parts. For example, I'll track
a part with the tape machine slowed down a half step, and the part will sound
sweeter and more "miniature" when the deck is run at normal speed. You have to
be careful not to slow down the machine too much, though, because the guitar
ca sound wimpy. I also did this trick on the chorus riff, which was tripled
with little speed tweaks on either side of the correct pitch."
Not Make Believe
"The shimmering tones are courtesy of a doubled part and the speed-tweak
trick. What you're hearing is 'natural' phasing."
Bleed To Love Her
"The backwards guitar is my Strat (!) through a Lexicon delay, and manipulated
with a volume control."
Say Goodbye
"This song was written quite a long time ago, after I had left the band. I
don't know if I was going for anything in particular, but I was in a place
where I could feel compassionate, understanding, and nonjudgmental about the
other people in the band, and about everything that had happened. The lyric
was really important to me, and the fingerpicking part makes it a really nice
guitar piece."
Red Rover
"The speed and aggressiveness in my fingerpicking is a big part of what I have
to offer these days. Here, the very percussive, fingerpicked part was doubled,
and then I slowed down the tape machine and bounced the double to another
track. This allowed me to control the doubled part with a fader, and I moved
the fader back and forth in time with the music. It almost sounds like some of
that gating stuff they did in the 80's-that on-off kind of thing-except this
method is more organic. My idea was to create some negative space to take the
place of the drums, and I had to slow the tape machine way down to get the
rhythmic manipulations as precise as possible. It's all about being in the
pocket."
Murrow Turning Over In His Grave
"The very strange-sounding distortion part is based around a cluster of atonal
vocals. You get five, six, or seven different tones together that are out of
tune with each other, and it just becomes this arrgh kind of sound. I think
there might be some slide in there, too. This song has elements of something
quite traditional and recognizable in an almost generic sort of way, yet it
departs from that at the chorus when you're suddenly into this weird Brian
Wilson/Yardbirds acid thing. I would never want to do something that was
generic all the way through."
